ABSTRACT
Introduction: Malaria continues to be one of the India's leading public health problem.α/β artether is one of the most common antimalarial drug used worldwide to treat chloroquine resistant malaria and malaria falciparum. The present study was designed to assess the teratogenic effects of α/β artether on developing chick embryo. Material and Methods: The study was performed on 300 fertilized eggs of white leg horn chicken.The eggs were divided in to five experimental groups A, B, C, D, E having 30 eggs each and five control groups a,b,c,d,e one each for every experimental group respectively having 30 eggs each. On 5th day of incubation eggs from experimental groups A, B, C, D and E were exposed to α/β artether with dose of 0.00039 mg, 0.000585 mg, 0.00078 mg, 0.00097 mg and 0.00117 mg whereas the control groups were treated with same amount of normal saline. Results: The results showed growth retardation and some significant morphological abnormalities like scanty feathers, subcutaneous hemorrhage and skeletal abnormalities like poor ossification of the bones, kyphosis and lordosis. Discussion: The drug is toxic specially when used in higher dose and for a long period. At present there is no alternative drug available for the treatment of chloroquine resistant malaria and malaria falciparum except α/β artether. Therefore α/β artether and other artemisinins should be used only after establishment of proper diagnosis in recommended dose only not in higher dose and not for a long duration.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present review was providing help for the assessment of the correct interpretation of gallbladder wall thickening and differential diagnosis at ultrasonography Gallbladder wall thickening is a frequent son graphic finding and has been subject of great interest for being considered as a hallmark feature of acute cholecystitis, despite the fact that such a finding is observed in a number of other medical conditions An appropriate characterization and interpretation of ultrasonography finding are of great importance, considering that the correct diagnosis has a direct impact on the treatment that in some cases includes surgery In this article, describe a set of son graphic finding that is an association with the clinical and laboratory findings can reduce the number of diagnostic hypotheses allowing a more accurate establishment of the cause for gallbladder wall thickening through a rational data evaluation Sonography is used as the initial imaging technique for evaluating patients with suspected acute calculus cholecystitis because of its high sensitivity at the detection of GB stones, real-time character, speed, and portability Cholescintigraphy has the highest sensitivity and specificity in the patients who are suspected of having acute cholecystitis The use of cholescintigraphy is limited in clinical practice Due to a combination of reasons including logistic drawbacks, broad imaging capability, and clinician referral pattern CT is particularly useful for evaluating the many complicated cases of acute calculous cholecystitis Relatively high cost of MRI and lack of widespread availability the MRI is prohibits its primary use in the patients with acute calculous cholecystitis The US are currently considered the preferred initial imaging technique for patients who are clinically suspected of having acute calculous cholecystitis
ABSTRACT
Infertility is an emerging major health issue affecting the physical, psychological and social status of the general population across the globe. There are innumerable causes of infertility, viz., ovarian and testicular disorders, advanced maternal age, obesity, chromosomal abnormalities etc. Most of these causes are linked to the genetic disorders. With recent advances in the field of reproductive biology, it has become imperative to have a concise knowledge of the genetic basis of infertility, for better outcome in Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART).
ABSTRACT
Making appropriate management decisions requires accurate appraisal of gestational age. Accurate pregnancy dating may assist obstetricians in appropriately counselling women who are at risk of a preterm delivery about likely neonatal outcomes and is also essential in the evaluation of fetal growth and the detection of intrauterine growth restriction. The purpose of this study was to find out the other parameters such as tibial length which can be used to determine the gestational age either more accurately or can be used in other conditions where the previous parameters are unreliable. We found that in normally developing fetus the fetal tibial length increases with advancing gestational age and regression analysis showed a strongly significant relationship between fetal tibial length and gestational age. Fetal tibial length is a good marker for gestational age and can also be used in cases, which are not sure about their last menstrual period (LMP).